吲哚-3-甲醇

吲哚-3-甲醇

吲哚-3-甲醇的功能

吲哚-3-甲醇是在十字花科植物（西兰花家族）中发现的一种主要的抗癌物质。它是含硫化合物葡萄糖异硫氰酸盐的成员之一。^[1]不管是将卷心菜压碎或烹饪，吲哚-3-甲醇都可从其母体化合物中生成。^{[2 3]}

吲哚-3-甲醇和其他葡萄糖异硫氰酸盐（如吲哚或莱菔硫烷）都具有抗氧化作用和潜在的刺激机体产生解毒酶的作用。吲哚-3-甲醇和其他葡萄糖异硫氰酸盐被认为可以降低人类癌症的发生危险，这与摄入椰菜和其他十字花科植物如花椰菜、西兰花和羽衣甘蓝的机理相同。^{[6 7 8 9 10 11 12]}

给接触致癌物的试验用鼠喂养吲哚-3-甲醇或椰菜提取物后发现肿瘤的发生频率、大小和数量明显减少。尤其在预防乳腺癌^{[13 14 15 16]}和宫颈癌^{[17 18]}方面，因为它可以提高机体对雌激素的降解。可是，尽管有大量的动物试验报道了这一作用，但也有少量试验发现吲哚-3-甲醇会促进癌的发生，这与动物试验中致癌物质、接触方法和动物的种类有关。^{[19 20]}

直到目前仍需进一步的人类临床数据来证实吲哚-3-甲醇是否真的能抑制而不是刺激癌的发生。有关研究者建议用吲哚-3-甲醇作为饮食补充剂时需提高警惕。^[21]有关在人类身上试用吲哚-3-甲醇的研究仅局限于以前的试验，但都表现出较好的前景。吲哚-3-甲醇在治疗18例复发性呼吸道乳头瘤的病人中，有12例明显抑制了这种癌前病变的发展。^[22]另外，在一项较小的双盲实验中，给患有早期宫颈癌的妇女每天服用200~400毫克的吲哚-3-甲醇，维持12周后17例中有8例其体内肿瘤产生的雌激素明显被降解成无毒性成分。^{[23 24 25]}

吲哚-3-甲醇的分布

吲哚-3-甲醇在椰菜中含量较高，在其他十字花科植物如花椰菜、西兰花和羽衣甘蓝中也少量含有。

吲哚-3-甲醇已经被应用于与以下疾病的治疗中。（以下所有信息适用于个体化健康情况）：

哪些人可能会缺乏吲哚-3-甲醇？

因为吲哚-3-甲醇不是必需营养素，所以不存在缺乏。

一般需要多少吲哚-3-甲醇？

基于以前的研究，认为最少的预防乳腺癌的需要剂量为每天300~400毫克。^[26]

是否有副作用和药物相互作用？

还没有关于吲哚-3-甲醇副作用的报道。

到目前为止，还不清楚它与其他药物之间的相互作用关系。

参考文献

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