月见草油

月见草油

月见草油的功能

月见草油来自月见草的籽。和红醋栗籽油和琉璃苣油一样，月见草油也含有γ-亚麻酸，一种机体用于转化成激素类物质前列腺素E1的脂肪酸。

前列腺素E1具有抗炎特性，对稀释血液和扩张血管也有作用。月见草油的抗炎特性在一项双盲试验中发现可以治疗类风湿性关节炎。一些（不是所有）研究报道了月见草油补充剂对这些病人有一定功效。^[1]

γ-亚麻酸，月见草油的主要有效成分，在试管试验^[2]和一些动物试验^{[3 4]}中发现具有抗癌作用。在以前的人类试验^[5]中发现将γ-亚麻酸注射入肿瘤中可以引起癌衰退。尽管不是所有的试验都证实其有效性，但以前的证据表明它“具有明显改善”。^{[6 7]}

月见草油认为可以降低一些人的胆固醇水平^{[8 9 ]}。月见草补充剂还可以改善肾透析引起的皮肤瘙痒、红肿、干燥。^{[10 11]}

亚麻酸，一种普通的脂肪酸，在坚果和种子、大多数植物油中含量丰富，理论上可以转化成前列腺素E1；但许多情况可以干扰这一转化，包括疾病（如年龄增长、饱和脂肪酸、氢化油、血糖问题，维生素C、镁、锌、B族维生素缺乏等）。能提供γ-亚麻酸的补充剂可以改变这些问题，导致合成更多的前列腺素E1。^[12]

月见草油的分布

月见草油主要存在补充剂中。它含有的活性成分γ-亚麻酸在红醋栗籽油和琉璃苣油中也同样含有。可是，还不知道这三种物质在体内的作用是否一样。

月见草油认为与以下疾病有关（以下所有信息适用于个体化健康情况）：

哪些人可能会缺乏月见草油？

经前期综合征[^13]、糖尿病^[14]、硬皮病^[15]、Sjogren综合征^[16]、迟发性运动失迟缓^[17]、湿疹^[18]和其他皮肤病^[19]可能存在机体合成γ-亚麻酸能力障碍。以前的试验表明补充月见草油可以帮助治疗这些疾病^{[20 21 22 23 24]}。

有证据表明酗酒者会缺乏γ-亚麻酸，一项双盲试验证实戒酒者需补充月见草油。^[25]西方国家的许多人部分会因为年龄增长、血糖不耐受、高脂肪摄入和其他一些疾病导致γ-亚麻酸缺乏。缺乏的人通过补充月见草油、红醋栗籽油或琉璃苣油来提供γ-亚麻酸有一定的帮助。

一般需要多少月见草油？

尽管许多人缺乏γ-亚麻酸，但理想的摄入量还不十分清楚。研究者通常推荐每天3000~6000毫克的月见草油，可提供大约270~540毫克的γ-亚麻酸。

是否有副作用和药物相互作用？

有报道称月见草油会加重短暂性癫痫的症状，有时会误认为是精神分裂症。^{[26 27]}

与月见草油一起，其他营养素如镁、锌、维生素C、烟酸、维生素B6需同时补充。

一些药物会与月见草油发生相互作用。相关药物请参阅药物相互作用。

参考文献

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