丙酮酸盐

丙酮酸盐

丙酮酸盐的功能

丙酮酸盐（丙酮酸的缓冲液）是机体在碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢过程中分泌的物质。

丙酮酸盐具有降低体重的作用。^[1]临床实验发现每天补充22~44克的丙酮酸盐补充剂比安慰剂明显增强减肥和降低脂肪的作用。^[2]另有三个对照试验将每天6~10克的丙酮酸盐和运动锻炼结合在一起，结果对于降低体重和脂肪具有类似的效果。^{[3 4 5]}动物试验发现丙酮酸盐补充剂可以通过增加静息代谢率来达到降低体重的作用。^[6]许多临床试验还发现丙酮酸补充剂可以提高运动耐量，^{[7 8]}尽管不能提高举重能力。^[9]

以前的试验表明丙酮酸盐可作为抗氧化剂，抑制有害自由基的产生。^{[10 11 12]}以前的动物试验还认为基于它的抗氧化作用，丙酮酸盐可能还具有抑制癌性肿瘤生长的作用。^[13]可是，这一作用还没能在人类试验中得到证实。

丙酮酸盐的分布

丙酮酸盐是机体碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的正常副产物，在许多食物中也含有，包括苹果、奶酪、黑啤酒和红酒。饮食补充丙酮酸盐也有效。

丙酮酸盐已经被应用于与以下疾病的治疗中。（以下所有信息适用于个体化健康情况）：

哪些人可能会缺乏丙酮酸盐？

因为丙酮酸盐不是必需营养素，所以不存在缺乏。

一般需要多少丙酮酸盐？

大多数关于丙酮酸盐作用与减肥的人类试验使用的量为每天至少30克。可是，并不需要如此大的剂量。在一项6周的双盲试验中，每天服用6克的丙酮酸盐加适量运动，与安慰剂相比明显降低体重和脂肪。^[14]

是否有副作用和药物相互作用？

摄入高剂量的丙酮酸盐会导致胃肠道抑制，如排气增多、腹胀和腹泻。以前的一项对于运动妇女的试验发现每天补充10克的丙酮酸盐在1个月后明显降低高密度脂蛋白（有益的脂蛋白）。^[15]

到目前为止，还不清楚丙酮酸盐与其他药物之间的相互作用关系。

参考文献

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2. Stanko RT, Reynolds HR, Hoyson R, et al. Pyruvate supplementation of a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet: effects on plasma lipid concentration and body composition in hyperlipidemic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:423–7.

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6. Ivy JL, Cortez MY, Chandler RM, et al. Effects of pyruvate on the metabolism and insulin resistance of obese Zucker rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:331–7.

7. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Galbreath RW, et al. Enhanced leg exercise endurance with a high-carbohydrate diet and dihyroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;69:1651–6.

8. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Spina RJ, et al. Enhancement of arm exercise endurance capacity with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Physiol 1990;68:119–24.

9. Stone MH, Sanborn K, Smith LL, et al. Effects of in-season (5-weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146–65.

10. Deboer LWV, Bekx PA, Han L, et al. Pyruvate enhances recovery of rat hearts after ischemia and reperfusion by preventing free radical generation. Am J Physiol 1993;265:H1571–6.

11. Cicalese L, Subbotin V, Rastellini C, et al. Acute rejection of small bowel allografts in rats: protection afforded by pyruvate. Transplant Proc 1996;28:2474.

12. Cicalese L, Lee K, Schraut W, et al. Pyruvate prevents ischemia-reperfusion mucosal injury of rat small intestine. Am J Surg 1996;171:97–101.

13. Stanko RT, Mullick P, Clarke MR, et al. Pyruvate inhibits growth of mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 in rats. Cancer Res 1994;54:1004–7.

14. Kalman D, Colker CM, Wilets I, et al. The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals. Nutrition 1999;15:337–40.

15. Koh P, Kreider R, Ferreira M, et al. Effects of pyruvate supplementation during training on hematologic and metabolic profiles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:S155 [abstract].